In Estidama, energy conservation primarily targets which of the following?

In Estidama, energy conservation primarily focuses on passive design measures because these strategies are aimed at minimizing energy consumption through architectural and environmental design rather than relying on mechanical systems. Passive design incorporates elements such as building orientation, natural lighting, thermal insulation, and ventilation to enhance energy efficiency. By optimizing the building's interaction with its environment, these measures can significantly reduce the need for active energy systems like HVAC or artificial lighting, leading to lower overall energy usage.

Passive design emphasizes leveraging natural resources, which aligns with Estidama's goals of sustainability and efficiency. This approach not only conserves energy but also contributes to a healthier living environment. While active energy systems, land development, and water savings play important roles in overall sustainability, they do not primarily target energy conservation in the same direct manner as passive design measures do.